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--- linux_wiki:os_install_vm_template [2016/09/28 22:05]
billdozor [Add/Expand Storage]
+++ linux_wiki:os_install_vm_template [2019/05/25 23:50]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== OS Install: VM Template ======
-**General Information**
-Creating a VM template "golden image" for Linux.
-**Checklist**
-  * Distro(s): Enterprise Linux 6 or 7
-  * Other: VMware ESXi 5+
-----
-====== Create the Virtual Machine ======
-  * Create a new virtual machine.
-    * Virtual Hardware:
-      * Enable CPU -> CPU Hot Plug -> check "Enable CPU Hot Add" (Allows you to add CPUs to a VM while running)
-      * Enable Memory -> Memory Hot Plug -> check "Enable"  (Allows you to add Memory to a VM while running)
-  * Install the EL OS.
-    * If the screen resolution is too small
-      * Press "TAB" on the "Install CentOS.." to edit the boot options
-      * Add the following to the boot line, which will use a 1024x768 resolution<code bash>vga=791</code>
-----
-===== Partitioning =====
-Red Hat Recommendations
-  * [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/s2-diskpartrecommend-x86.html|RHEL 6 Recommended Partitioning]]
-  * [[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/sect-disk-partitioning-setup-x86.html#sect-recommended-partitioning-scheme-x86|RHEL 7 Recommended Partitioning]]
-LVM provides a very flexible partitioning layout. The goal is to create a small disk footprint and allow elastic growing for partitions depending upon the type of server being deployed.
-  * **Disk Total Size**: 20 GB
-    * /boot = 512 MB
-    * LVM = 19.5 GB
-      * swap = 4 GB
-      * / = 4 GB
-      * /home = 2 GB
-      * /tmp = 2 GB
-      * /var = 4 GB
-    * LVM Allocated: 16 GB
-    * LVM Free: 3.5 GB (Available for minor partition expansion)
-**NOTE:** Contrary to a lot of online documentation, it is a BAD idea to put /usr on a separate partition. Especially with CentOS 7.2 (which symlinks /bin, /lib, and /sbin into /usr/{bin,lib,sbin} respectively), there are important files in /usr that should be mounted along with /.
-\\
-After a CentOS 6.7 minimal install, the disk usage with that partitioning looks like this:\\
-TODO - SCREENSHOT
-After a CentOS 7.2 minimal install, the disk usage with that partitioning looks like this:\\
-TODO - SCREENSHOT
-----
-====== System Configuration =====
-Modify the OS with changes you want to be included on ALL systems. They should be server role generic.
-----
-===== CentOS 6: Post Install/Pre Template Create =====
-The following are some useful post install configuration done to a CentOS 6 minimal install.\\
-All of the following will be included in the VM template. Keep it server role generic.
-<code bash>
-# System Update
-yum update
-# Extra system packages
-yum -y install bash-completion bind-utils dmidecode iotop lsof mailx man mlocate nc nfs-utils openssh-clients rsync tcpdump vim-enhanced wget
-# Install VMware Tools
-See: https://www.owlbearconsulting.com/doku.php?id=linux_wiki:vmware_tools
-# Disable SELinux (/etc/sysconfig/selinux SHOULD be a symlink to first original file)
-sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
-sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
-# Reboot for selinux to not interfere with the rest of the config changes
-shutdown -r now
-# Remove Global Network Gateway
-sed -i "/GATEWAY/d" /etc/sysconfig/network
-# Grub Config => /boot/grub/grub.conf
-timeout=3
-removed 'hiddenmenu'
-removed 'rhgb quiet' from kernel boot lines
-# Root's bashrc (/root/.bashrc) => Red Prompt and service shortcut
-PS1='\[\033[01;31m\]\u@\h \[\033[01;31m\]\W $ \[\033[00m\]'
-#service shortcut
-alias sv='service'
-# Reboot and verify all changes persistent
-shutdown -r now
-</code>
-**Proceed to "CentOS 6: VM Cleanup" before creating template.**
-----
-===== CentOS 6: VM Cleanup =====
-Perform any other customizations/installs prior to the following steps.
-<code bash>
-# Cleanup => Remove ssh host keys (so each deployed VM has a different fingerprint)
-rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
-# Cleanup => Remove persistent rules and network hw address - prevents eth0 from incrementing
-rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-*
-sed -i "/HWADDR/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-sed -i "/UUID/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-# Cleanup => Remove some of root's files
-rm -f /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /root/install.log*
-# Cleanup => remove tmp files
-rm -rf /tmp/*
-# Cleanup => stop auditd from logging, remove log files
-# Stop any other service that actively logs to sub directories of /var/log
-# Recommended to install sysstat (sar) during a post deployment phase.
-service auditd stop
-rm -rf /var/log/*
-mkdir /var/log/audit
-# Update locate's database
-updatedb
-# Clear history and shutdown for template cloning
-history -c && history -w
-shutdown -P now
-</code>
-  * Create a VM Template from the powered off system.
-----
-===== CentOS 7: Post Install/Pre Template Create =====
-The following are some useful post install configuration done to a CentOS 7 minimal install.\\
-All of the following will be included in the VM template. Keep it server role generic.
-<code bash>
-# System Update
-yum update
-# Extra system packages (dmidecode,man,openssh-clients installed by default)
-yum -y install bash-completion bind-utils iotop lsof mailx mlocate nfs-utils open-vm-tools perl rsync tcpdump vim-enhanced wget
-# Update man pages
-mandb
-# Install VMware Tools (open-vm-tools included in CentOS 7 base repo) - Installed above
-# Disable SELinux (/etc/sysconfig/selinux SHOULD be a symlink to first original file)
-sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
-sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
-# Reboot for selinux to not interfere with the rest of the config changes
-shutdown -r now
-# Grub Config => kernel options and change network interface names back to legacy
-vim /etc/default/grub
-timeout=3
-#removed 'rhgb quiet' from kernel boot lines ("GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX")
-#append the 'net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX:
-GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=vglocal/lvswap rd.lvm.lv=vglocal/lvroot net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
-#generate new grub2 boot file
-grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
-# Change network interface back to legacy scheme (continued)
-mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-en0XXXX /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-Name="eth0"
-Device="eth0"
-#removed UUID
-systemctl restart NetworkManager
-# Root's bashrc (/root/.bashrc) => Red Prompt and systemctl shortcut
-# systemctl shortcut
-alias sc='systemctl'
-# Turn root's prompt red
-PS1='\[\033[01;31m\]\u@\h \[\033[01;31m\]\W $ \[\033[00m\]'
-# Disable NetworkManager for old style network scripts
-vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-NM_CONTROLLED="no"
-PEERDNS="no"
-IPV6_PEERDNS="no"
-systemctl stop NetworkManager
-systemctl disable NetworkManager
-systemctl mask NetworkManager
-systemctl start network
-systemctl enable network
-# Reboot and verify all changes persistent
-shutdown -r now
-</code>
-**Proceed to "CentOS 7: VM Cleanup" before creating template.**
-----
-===== CentOS 7: VM Cleanup =====
-Perform any other customizations/installs prior to the following steps.
-<code bash>
-# Cleanup => Remove ssh host keys (so each deployed VM has a different fingerprint)
-rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
-# Cleanup => Remove network hw address - prevents eth0 from incrementing
-sed -i "/HWADDR/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-sed -i "/UUID/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-# Cleanup => Remove some of root's files
-rm -f /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /root/install.log*
-# Cleanup => remove tmp files
-rm -rf /tmp/*
-# Cleanup => stop auditd from logging, remove log files
-# Stop any other service that actively logs to sub directories of /var/log
-# Recommended to install sysstat (sar) during a post deployment phase.
-systemctl stop auditd
-rm -rf /var/log/*
-mkdir {/var/log/audit,/var/log/chrony,/var/log/tuned}
-touch /var/log/spooler && chmod 600 /var/log/spooler
-# Update locate's database
-updatedb
-# Clear history and shutdown for template cloning
-history -c && history -w
-shutdown -P now
-</code>
-  * Create a VM Template from the powered off system.
-----
-====== Add/Expand Storage ======
-After deploying a VM from the template, you may need to expand storage on one of the partitions.
-  - Add an additional hard disk to the VM. (Either from initial deployment or hot add to the VM)
-  - Verify disk device name to use:<code bash>fdisk -l</code>
-  - Create a new partition on the disk and format it as a “8e” (Linux LVM) type
-    - fdisk /dev/sdb
-      - Command: n
-      - Command action (primary partition): p
-      - Partition number: 1
-      - First cylinder: enter for default of the first
-      - Last cylinder: enter for default of the last
-      - Command: t
-      - Selected partition 1 (message displayed when only 1 partition exists)
-      - Hex code: 8e (for LVM)
-      - Command: w
-  - Create a LVM physical disk from the partition<code bash>pvcreate /dev/sdb1</code>
-  - Add the new physical disk to the existing volume group<code bash>vgextend vglocal /dev/sdb1</code>
-  - Extend the logical volume that needs the space (/home will be used in this example)
-    - **Option 1 (Preferred)**: Move the physical extents of the logical volume to the new disk, so all of it resides on the same VMDK, and then use all of that new disk's space.
-      * This method is preferred because there is a performance hit when a partition spans VMDKs<code bash>pvmove --name lvhome /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb1
-lvextend --resizefs /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome /dev/sdb1</code>
-    - Option 2: Give the logical volume all of the space from the newly added physical volume<code bash>lvextend --resizefs --extents +100%PVS /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome /dev/sdb1</code>
-    - Option 3: Give the logical volume a specific amount of additional free space from a specific physical volume<code bash>lvextend --resizefs --size +10G /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome /dev/sdb1</code>
-    - Option 4: Give the logical volume all of the free space available to the volume group (potentially across multiple physical disks)<code bash>lvextend --resizefs --extents +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome</code>
-  - Verify LVM Allocation
-    - Logical Volume: <code bash>lvs</code>
-    - Volume Group: <code bash>vgs</code>
-    - Physical Volumes: <code bash>pvs</code>
-  - Grow the file system (Not required if you used "--resizefs" during lvextend)
-    - Ext2/3/4<code bash>resize2fs /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome</code>
-    - XFS<code bash>xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vglocal-lvhome</code>
-  - Verify filesystem space<code bash>df -h</code>
-----